Mechanical movement



(Mo'deL) I 3 Sheets-Sheet 1.

L-. H. NASH. MECHANICAL MOVEMBNTi Noesveeu'.

' Patented Feb. 28, 1888.

H lllll '(ModeL) I 3 Sheets-Sheet 2. L. H. NASH. MEUHANICAL MOVEMENT.

No, 878,847,- Patented Feb. 28, 1888.

WITNESSES N PETERS. PPPP vUflvogmphnr. Wuhi n nnn 11C.

(ModeL) 3 Sheets-Sheet 3.

L. H. NASH.

MECHANICAL MOVEMENT.

No. 378,847. Patented Peb. 28, 1888.

III

All Ill If UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

LEWIS. HA LLooK NASH, OF BROOKLYN, ASSIGNOR TO THE NATIONAL METERCOMPANY, OF NEW YORK, N. Y.

MECHANICAL MOVEMENT.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 378,847, dated February28, 1888.

Application filed April 15, 1886. Serial No. 199,001. (ModeL) myimprovement are to provide an improved device for converting a revolvingmotion into a combined reciprocating and twisting movement, whereby thereciprocating body is caused to have a partial revolution during itsstroke to operate, for instance, a valve or a plunger with a positivereciprocating and twisting movement, and to operate parallel crankshaftswith a connecting-rod having a positive reciprocating and twistingmotion to avoid dead-centers in the connected cranks, so that the crankto which motion is communicated through the medium of the connecting-rodis always positively operated in every position producing such compoundmovement.

My improved device as applied to a valve makes it possible to produceresults not possible in the ordinary crank-operated slide-valve, and myimprovement may be applied to any device in which an automatic valve isrequired-as in a pump or motorso that the valved plunger can operate itsown ports.

In the accompanying drawings I haveshown my improved mechanical movementas applied to a pump or motor in which the plunger forms the valve, andI have also shown how it may be used to impart a rotary movement fromone shaft to another.

Referring, now, to the drawings, Figure 1 shows, a vertical centralsection through the plunger and its cylinder and my improveduniversal-joint bearing for the plunger connecting-rod in elevation, andFig. 1 shows the connecting rod and its universal -joint bearingsinsectional elevation. Fig. 2 is a cross-section on the lines: 00 ofFig. 1. Fig. 3 is a section similar to Fig. 1, showing the plungerinelevation ina different part of its stroke. Fig. 4 is a cross-section onthe liney y of Fig. 3. Fig. 5 shows the connecting-rod. Figs. 6, 7, 8,and 9 show different views of a twisting eccentric which will give thesame movement as the crank shown in the other views. Fig. 10 shows inside view the twisting crank-' connection for parallel shafts. Fig. 11is a view of the same,taken at right angles to Fig. 10; and Fig. 12shows a cross-section of the same on the line Z of Figs. 10 and 11. Fig.5, Sheet 1, shows the bearing parts e e in perspective to illustratetheir cylindrical form and separate bearing-surfaces.

The device consists of a shaft, c, mountedin suitable bearings, andwhich has a crank-pin, b, formed with its axis inclined at an angle withthe axis of the shaft. A connecting-rod, d, for this crank isprovidedwith two bearing-surfaces at each end, which are each of a formdescribed about an axis ata suitable angle-preferably at right angles-tothe center line of this connecting -rod, and these parts when joinedform a universal connectingbearing, which is constructed of twobearingsurfaces, each surface being turned upon an axis at a suitableangle, and preferably at substantially right angles with the axis of theother bearing-surface. One of these surfaces, 2, makes a bearing uponthe crank-pin b, and the other, 3, makes a bearing upon theconnecting-rod.

The axis of the hearing about the crankpin (see Fig. 1) is indicated bythe line 5 5. The axis of the bearing of the cylinder e e cannotbeindicated in this figure except by v a point or dot, because it isparallel to the line of vision of the observer; but in Fig. 5, which isa front view of the connecting-rod and its bearing parts 0 0, (shown inFig. 1,) this axis is illustrated by the line 6 6, in which figure theline of axis of the crank-pin is illustrated by the line 5 5, as inFig. 1. Now, these lines 5 5 and 6 6 in Fig. 5, where both axes areillustrated, will be seen to be at right angles with each other. Ofcourse they may be at other suitable angle; but there must be these twoaxes at least, and they must have a definite angular--preferabl y rightangular--relation to each other to accomplish the purpose of my presentinvention. It will therefore be seen that this connecting-bearing isforced to take two movements, one of which is a relative movementaboutthe axis of the crank-pin and the other a relative movement about theaxis of the bearing upon the connecting-rod, and these movements are, asshown, substantially at right angles to each other. Therefore anymovement of the crank-pin which does not cause a simple motion ofrotation to the conheating-bearing will cause the latter to twist, andany motion of the connecting hearing which is not one of rotation uponthe bearingsurface of the connecting-rod will impart a twisting movementto the latter, and this movement is imparted by the connecting-rod froma similar hearing at its other end to the plunger or crank to be driventhereby. When it is desired to use an eccentric in place of a crank, theaxes of the bearing-surfaces have the same mutual relation to eachother,and any form of universal bearing having this relation ofbearing-surfaces may be used for this pur pose. This motion isreversible, so that the crank may be driven by the connecting-rodinstead of driving it.

At the plunger-connection the connecting pin a is at right angles to theaxis of the plunger and parallel with the crankshaft, and thecylindrical bearing-pieces eeare shown as being retained in their properrelation to the rod by the plunger, while at the crank-connection thecylindrical bearing-pieces c e are shown as being confined in place uponthe crank-pin by a loose washer, w, which is secured in place by ascrew, b screwed into the end of the crank-pin b,- or the bearing partsmay be confined in their proper relation to the crank-pin by anysuitable means.

In order to permit of the twisting movement herein described, theconnectingrod must be provided with a device for connecting it to theoperating parts, between which it forms the connecting member, whichdevice I call a compound bearing connection or part, and this devicemust be so formed as to permit of two motionsfirst, a motion ofrevolution with respect to the crank-pin or plunger, and, second, amotion of revolution with respect to the connecting-rod. The firstmotion is provided for by suitable bearing-surfaces fitting upon thecrank-pin, and the center line of such bearing-surface I call the axisof the bearingsurface upon the crank-pin, represented by the line 5. Thesecond motion is provided for by suitable bearing-surfaces fitting uponthe connecting-rod, and the center line of such bearing-surface I callthe axis of the bearing upon the connectingrod, represented by the line6. The said axis of the bearing-surface upon the crank-pin and the saidaxis of the bearing-surface upon the connecting-rod I call collectivelythe axis of rotation. These bearing-surfaces are of a form such as canbe turned in a lathe about two separate axes-for instance,cylinder-surfaces--and the two axes should be inclined at a suitableangle to each other, preferably at right angles. They thus permit ofmotion in two directions about axes of rotation inclined at a suitableangle to each other.

While an important feature of theinvention relates to the angularrelation of said axes, the form of bearing-pieces may be varied withoutdestroying the said axial relation; and I do not confine my invention tothe exact mechanical structure of the parts herein described.

Referring to Figs. 6, 7, 8, and 9, which I have described as showingdifferent views of a twisting eccentric, which will give the samemovement as the inclined crank -pin device shown in other views, it willbe seen that the inclined eccentric, Figs. 8 and 9, is the equivalent ofthe inclined crank-pin, because, referring to Figs. 6 and 7, theeccentric-strap has the bearing-pin m, which joins the connectingrod,(not shown,) and the axis-line 6 6 of this strappin is the same as theaxis-line 6 6 described in connection with Fig. 5, while the bearingportion ofthe eccentric-strap that fits on the eccentric is turned in alathe about the axis-line 5 5, which corresponds to the axisline 5 5 ofFig. 5, so that such axis-lines 5 6 in the several figures have the sameangular relation and produce identical movements of the connecting-rod.

The shaft 0 is supported in a bearing, 13, and a fly-wheel, D, issecured to the shaft for receiving or imparting motion to said shaft.

I have shown a system of ports adapted to control the inlet and theoutlet of the water from the cylinderchamber when operating as a pump orhydraulic motor in which the plunger A has a side port, f, connected atalltimes with the cylinder-chamber through the verti cal passage f.

The cylinder has an inletport, 9, and an outletport, it, formed in itsside walls, so that in the motion of the plunger its side port, f, willopen communication with the inlet-port 9 while the chamber 0 is filling,and will open communication with the outlet-port it while the chamber isdischarging its contents. This action is best seen in Figs. 1 and 3',wherein the case-portsare shown in dotted lines.

From the connections described it will be seen that any point oftheplunger will describe an oval path with respect to theinclosing-cylinder, and also any point of the cylinder will describe anoval path on the plunger. In Fig. 1 the plunger is at the end of itsupstroke, and at this point it has a revolving motion in the directionof the arrow 2 in Fig. 2, so that the port f has just closed theinlet-port g and is about to open the discharge-port 71 moving towardthe position shown in Fig. 3, in which the portsfand h are shown indotted lines in communication for the free escape of the water. When thepiston reaches the bottom of its stroke, it will have a twisting motionin the reverse direction, and will close the port it and open the port9, so that the water can flow into the chamber during the forwardmovement of the piston.

Since the path of the portfis an oval, it will always travel over thesame portion of its path at the sameportion of the stroke of the piston,and by suitably forming the inlet and discharge ports 9 and h it may bemade to admit the charge at any point of the stroke of the piston andcut off the admission at any other de sired position, so as to controlthe inlet and discharge of the fluid in any desired manner. It is thisfeature that renders the inventionof such great utility as a means foroperating a valve; and it may be used as well to control the admissionand discharge of. the fluid for a second cylinder-chamber as well as forits own cylinder-chamber. My improvement therefore contemplates the useof such a plungervalve for operating a steam or a gas engine, as well asfor the purpose shown in Figs. 1 to 5. The form of the ports 9 and h, attheir opening into the chamber 0, is oblong in vertical direction, toconform to the path described by the port f of the plunger, while thepipe-connections F for the case-ports are connected with the latter, asin Figs. 2 and 4.

In Figs. l0, l1, and 12 I have shown my improved mechanical movement asapplied to two twisting-crank connections by a universaljointconnectingrod, Fig. 11 being a front view, and Fig. 12 a section takenon the line 2 z. of Fig. 10. In Fig. 10 I have shown the two cranks a ain the position known as the deadcenter in ordinary forms ofcrank-connections, and it is only necessary to describe the action of mycrank-connection in this position to give the twisting action, since inother positions the action is the same as in the ordinary form of crankconnection. Referring, then, to Fig. 10, it will be seen that in itsrevolving motion the outer end of the crank-pin is moving faster thanthe inner end, and therefore the rod (1 will have a twisting motionimparted to it, as indicated by the arrows 3 and 4 in Figs. 11 and 12,the forces actingas a couple at the inner and outer ends of thecrank-pin bearing. This twisting motion of the connecting-rod isimparted to the crank-pin b by forces acting as a couple upon thecrank-pin, and since the elements of this couple act to greateradvantage upon the outer end than upon the inner end of the crank-pin itwill cause the crank a to revolve in the same direction as the crank a.As the crank leaves this position the pulling action of an ordinarycrank is added-to the twisting action of the connection until the cranksare at the other center, when the twisting action again carries italong; hence with this connection there is no dead-center; but the cranka is driven with revolution.

Figs. 6, 7, 8, and 9 show an eccentric-andstrap connection adapted toproduce the sametwisting motion as thecrank shown in Fig. 1. In thismodification the eccentric-bearing Kis turned to a surface whosecenter-line makes an angle with that of the shaft. The eccentricstrap Lhas a bearingpin, m, to which theconnecting-rod is pivoted, so as toswing, preferably, atright angles to the motion ofthe eccentric-strap,and thus the bearing of the eccentricstrap on the eccentric, combinedwith the bean ing of the rod on thepin m, constitutes a formofnniversal-joint connection equivalent to and operating substantiallylike that shown in Figs. 1 to 5.

It will be understood that I do not confine myself to the specific formofjoint-connection which I have shown and described so long as theconstruction and relation of the bearingsurfaces are as described, norto any specific construction of valve-ports of the plunger or cylinder,as they may be arranged in such mutual relation in each case as toperform the functions required of the valve, nor to any specificconstruction of device to which compound motion is imparted.

I have stated that the path described by any point of the plunger or ofthe cylinder will describe an oval path in the movement of the former;but it will be understood that such path is not necessarilya true oval,buta figure of the oval class, and it may be egg-shaped or heart-shaped,as may be effected by the inclination of the connecting-rod or the formof the universal-joint bearing used. In any case, however, such pathwill be a continuous curve and operate substantially as described.

The eccentric universal-joint coupling will be found preferable wheneverthe motion is to be transmitted from a portion of the shaft in which itwould be inconvenient to form a crank.

From the foregoing it will be seen that my improved device requires apeculiar form of bearing-connection between the connectingrod and thecrank or eccentric in order to produce the required movement. The axisof the bearing with the crank must make a con siderable angle-preferablya right anglewith the bearing upon the connecting-rod, and hence themotion of'the driving-crank will cause the bearing to twist as well asrevolve upon said cranlcbearing, and since the bearing of the connectingpart upon the connecting-rod is inclined to the bearing upon the crankthe rod will be forced to turn in a different plane, and the mutualadjustments of these two movements in different planes will result in atwisting movement, substantially 4 avasev rooted to the device asapplied to a plurality of shafts for overcoming a dead-center, as hereindescribed. Such specific application of my invention I reserve forfuture applications.

I claim 1. The combination of a connecting-rod, a shaft, an inclinedcrank-pin attached to said shaft, and a compound bearing part joiningsaid crank-pin and connecting-rod adapted to permit motion in twodirections about axes having an angular relation to each other,substantially as described.

2. The combination of a shaft having an inclined eranlcpin, a plunger,aeonnecting-rod, and compound bearing parts for each end of said rodjoining it with said crank-pin and said plunger, said compound bearingparts each being adapted to permit of motion in two directions aboutaxes having an angular relation to each other, substantially asdescribed.

3. The combination of a shaft having an inclined cranlcpin, a body towhich motion is communicated, a connecting-rod, and compound bearingparts for each end of said rod, joining it with said crank-pin and saidbody, said compound bearing parts each being adapted to permit of motionin two directions about axes having an angular relation to each other,substantially as described.

4. The combination, with the case B, having the chamber 0 and inlet andoutlet ports, ofa plunger having aport communicating with saidcase-ports, a connecting-rod, aerank-shaft having its crank-pin inclinedto the axis ofthe shaft, a fly-whcel, D, and bearing parts an for eachend of the connecting-rod, having cylindrical interior and exteriorbearings arranged at right angles to each other, substantially asdescribed.

5. The combination of the crank-shaft having the axis of its crank-pininclined to the axis of said shaft, a cylindrical plunger hav ing theports ff, and an inclosing-casefor said plunger having the ports 9 h,with the conmeeting-rod d, the bearing-pieces c a, formed with interiorand exterior bearings, and the plunger connecting-pin 1', substantiallyas described.

In testimony whereofI have hereunto set my hand in the presence of twosubscribing witnesses.

LEWIS HALLOCK NASH.

Vitnesses:

H. N. BRINCKERHOFF, \VILLIAM O. WEs'rnRvnL'r.

